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Pope Innocent III


E
ntering the city [Jerusalem, July 15, 1099], our pilgrims pursued and killed Saracens up to the Temple of Solomon, in which they had assembled and where they gave battle to us furiously for the whole day so that their blood flowed throughout the whole temple. Finally, having overcome the pagans, our knights seized a great number of men and women, and the killed whom they wished and whom they wished they let live.... Then, rejoicing and weeping from extreme joy, our men went to worship at the sepulchre of jour Saviour Jesus and thus fulfilled their pledge to Him.... They also ordered that all the Saracen dead should be thrown out of the city because of the extreme stench, for the city was almost full of their cadavers. The live Saracens dragged the dead out before the gates and made piles of them, like houses. No one has ever heard of or seen such a slaughter of pagan peoples since pyres were made of them like boundary marks, and no one except God knows their number."

-- [Histoire anonyme de la premiere croisade, L. Brehier, ed. Paris: Champion, 1924 (From The Portable Medieval Reader, Ed. James Bruce Ross and Mary Martin McLaughlin)]



Yet Other Looks at Crusades



MODERN CRUSADE?

James Carroll
of the Boston Globe

A step back
into lethal
history




Medieval Sourcebook:
Soloman bar Samson:
The Crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096





Crusades Are Not Made for Girlie-men -- Jim Culleny



A saga of faith-based wars jam-packed

with sex, violence, and religion

-- the 3-legged stool of ancient and modern

theocracy !




Abdullah ibn Abdullah



Abdullah ibn Abdullah stood on the battlements of Acre. The citadel was situated on a promentory jutting into the waters of the Great Sea -- in fact, this sea was so great that when the ancients stumbled upon it, their first thought was, "What a great fucking sea!"

Anyway, the western end of this sea was situated in the area of Jabal at Tarik (often referred to as the "Prudential logo" --but also by another name even more familiar to westerners, "Gibraltar"). From there it undulated all the way back east to find its waves breaking at the feet of Abdullah ibn Abdullah right there on the beaches of Asia Minor.

So sited, with its north, west and south walls dropping into the sea, and thick ramparts on its landward end, Acre was a strong fortress. It was held, at that moment, by Abdullah ibn Abdulla and his brothers in Allah. The year was 1188 as dated by Christians.

Ibn Abdullah braced his hands against the parapet and leaned forward through a crenel. He looked down the forty odd feet to the bottom of the limestone wall. A refreshing westerly riffled the loose sleeves of his blouse and cooled the perspiration-soaked hair at the base of his tarboush. An end of turban cloth fluttered against his shoulder.

With the sea behind him and flanking him on three sides he enjoyed a temporary sense of well-being. But across the plain before him, arrayed in a wide semi-circle, were his enemy's camps and engines of war. A fierce army of Christians.

These Christians, so its told, had been issuing south for years from their backward north countries. They came and they came like sectarian locusts. They routed and they raped (you can actually find this stuff out in history books!). And they came regaled in many outfits, depending upon class. They came in mail suits and helmets. They came in albs and chasubles, and they also came in rags and matted hair. They came to honor their god and, not incidentally, to dismember infidels.

Abdullah ibn Abdullah slowly ran a hand along his arm and felt its thick sinews and the bulge of bicep (called a "schwarzenneger" in European parlance) and the hard outcropping of bone at his elbow. He admired the way his extremities cohered. It would not be good to view my limbs from afar, he thought.

As Ibn Abdullah scanned this fresh contingent of self-agrandized barbarians he
had to concede that despite his initial assessment of their resolve, they'd turned out to be more troublesome than Negev grit in a goat stew. Now acutely aware of their strength in numbers, and understanding their zealous and myopic faith --so like his own-- the Sacracen chief absentmindedly raised scimitar to hand and slid his thumb along its blade assessing its edge.



Sir Howarth



Peering up at Ibn Abdullah at that moment, Sir Howarth the Prevaricator, the Duke of Crawford, fondled the scabbard of his sword. He gazed up the face of Abdullah's wall which rose from the Palestinian soil as the cliffs rose from the sea of his beloved Normandy.

A flock of sparrows, abruptly shifting and turning; rising and diving, like political candidates reacting to polls, circled the turret above Abdullah's head. Sir Howarth watched as this warrior, running his thumb along the blade of his scimitar, withdrew it quickly and, spitting epithets in Arabic, shook it violently and shoved it into his mouth for a long moment. Then he pulled it out, examined it, and dropped from sight nursing his wound still spewing semitic locutions.

I must spare that infidel's swordsmith after the dust settles and have him maimed and baptized, he memoed himself --for he is apparently an excellent craftsman.

Sir Howarth, shifting his gaze, followed the sparrows' course as they continued their turns over the spot Ibn Abdullah's had stood and, flying west, dipped below and behind the fortress battlements. Howarth tapped the sword slung at his side and blessed himself. He imagined it's blade separating the majority of Abdullah ibn Abdullah from his thinking member. He envisioned the infidel's soul descending to the place infidel souls go when the righteous, in fits of pique, discontinue their vital signs. God is good, he thought, and returned to his compatriots who were undoubtedly having similar reveries while praising the Lord.



But First A Little Back Story


It seems that Howarth the Prevaricator had set out from Amiens about a year earlier with a motly crew of princes, dukes, counts, viscounts, knights, squires, esquires, pages, earls, and girls (for girls always accompany men-at-arms for moral support, nocturnal consultation, and to run the canteens). And because this was a fanatical religious campaign, there were also bishops, priests, monks, deacons, sub-deacons, and altar boys (for altar boys always accompany the clergy on religious campaigns for moral support, nocturnal consultation, and to call numbers for Bingo).

Following these VIPs were the common folk -- the smiths, bakers, and candlestick makers-- who'd grabbed whatever was at hand in way of arms: cudgels, hay forks, hammers, rolling pins, pastry scrapers, butcher's cleavers, corkscrews, and smart bombs --any potentially lethal implement-- and had made off after their lunatic leaders. These folk were lumped under the term "rabble", which in the middle ages (as well as in corporate boardrooms of any age) meant anyone making under fifty thou a year.

Thus did European Christendom head off half-cocked on one of its sporadic cleansing operations. The like of it would not be seen again until the advent of the Inquisitors and later, in the mid-to-late 20th century with the rise of the Third Riech, the campaigns of the Bosnian Serbs, and finally -- no, perhaps terminally (because, by then, their weapons had grown so enormous) -- with certain ruthless fools at the beginning of the 21st.

In fact history teaches that God's lovers may never be safe from God's war mongers.



Brother John

In the Northern provinces of medieval Europe the years prior to the departure of Howarth's crusade had been marked by impassioned rhetoric denouncing the Muslim infidels who, at the time, occupied Christian holy sites in Palestine. The curious thing about this was that for many Muslims (not to mention Jews) Palestine was their ancestral home, so they felt at least as proprietary of it as the Christians. The Christians had simply arrogated the territory on religious grounds, justifying their decision by reasoning that a good and wise rabbi named Jesus --a man who was the focus of their faith-- had been born, had taught, and died there. Ultimately this Jesus had sanctified those lands by suffering torture and death, the latter of which he'd rendered null and void by (so they believed) rising from the grave to become (and this was the real miracle of the resurrection) a European Christian gentile!

It happened that during one of these wild and sactimonious dark-age harangues, a monk named John the Blind (a latter day deciple of Paul the Temporarily Blind) had taken to the top of a stone abuttment at the edge of the town square just outside the walls of Sir Howarth's castle. Pacing back and forth in very short circuits because the top of the abuttment measured just two paces by two, he'd ranted against all infidels --foreign and domestic.

"These infidels," he intoned, "are a curse and abomination to our faith! They're even worse than the Franks! They dare call God "Allah" when everyone know his name is "God"! They deny Christ our Lord and Savior, and arrogantly practice their own brand of monotheism! They ...blah, blah, blah... "

He went on and on like that, with profuse dogmatism, gesturing to the crowd with one hand while covering naked statues with the other, and yelling all the time that according to The Law he was authorized to suggest (firmly, but with spin) that all infidels, starting with the most convenient (which in
1099 were frequently Jews) be hacked to pieces at once --or at least raped if their sex was appropriate, or not.

"In doing this," he bellowed, "we will please not only our Lord Jesus in the short run, but warm up for possible future sanctified serial massacres as we slice toward Jerusaleeeeeeeee..."

Becoming so lost in invective he forgot where he was, poor Bother John had taken one step more than the appropriate two and walked off the end of the abuttment. He landed in the arms of the town whore knocking her to the cobbles where they sprawled like lovers engaged in private acts.

"What, again love?" she whistled through corrupt dentures.

Shaken, but undeterred, the monk leapt from the woman's arms and screamed, "Death to infidels!" and took off down the alley beckoning the rabble to follow. And follow they did, hearts ablaze for the Lord.
Unfortunately John's paramour did not move quickly enough and was trampled to death by the mob whose glazed eyes were fixed solely upon the pale tonsure of the monk receding through the narrow street. They poured after the little brother toward the Jewish quarter filling the square with threats and curses. The air was thick with hate.

Many infidels were killed that day. Many deaths to please God. In this way the Christian Armies of
medieval Europe launched their crusades to the Holy land and began making their mark upon history.



Al Hikmat


After slicing himself with his scimitar Abdullah ibn Abdullah bolted from the fortress parapet and appeared a minute later at the door of Al Hikmat's clinic with his hand wrapped in a piece of damask.

Oil lamp sconces lined the walls. A chandelier hung just above Hikmat's head it's circle of candles sending spirals of smoke toward the high ceiling. The room was bright for one so removed from the windows of the bastion's outer walls.

Al Hikmat the Physician was facing the far wall leaning over a high table preparing poltices. But when he heard the familiar footsteps of Ibn Abdullah he immediately turned from his work to receive him.

"What have we here, brave Abdullah, a war wound? But how can that be? We've had no fighting since two nights ago when Sali sliced off Amoud's ear in an argument over a honey cake."

"Never mind, Doc," Ibn Abdullah replied. "I need a quick fix. We're expecting an onslaught tomorrow, and this is my dagger hand."

He stepped forward, unwrapping his hand and extended it to Al Hikmat. The doctor took it, gently grasping the injured digit between the thumb and index finger of his free hand. He rotated it this way and that, then lifted it toward the light of the nearest sconce.

"Hmmm, this is a nasty cut, Abdullah. How'd it happen?"

"Never check the edge of a freshly honed blade with your fingers," ibn Abdullah said coyly.

Releasing the thumb, Hikmat reached over to a nearby shelf upon which several small jars were arranged in order of ascending size. He took the third from the left, removed its stopper and, with his index finger, scooped out an oily amber substance. He slathered it onto the injured thumb, then wrapped it deftly mumbling something about dull men with sharp swords.

"What was that," asked Abdullah?

"Forget it," answered the physician, " ...but tell me about this onslaught we're expecting."

"No doubt you'll be busy. We all will." Then, checking his bandage he asked, "Will I be able to use this tomorrow?"

"There is no better medicine than Arab medicine," answered Al Hikmat, "except, maybe, that of the Jews." But forget those German and Frank quacks. And the Normans? phhhht...," he aspirated, flicking a dismissive hand in the air.

"Why just the other day I heard they still leech wounds and blame demons for dysentery," Hikmat continued. These infidels must be driven from our lands. They're idiots. They believe in at least two Gods, one of which was, or still is a carpenter (if you're into resurrection myths), and another whose name, inexplicably, has no vowel sounds. And to top it off, they think they own everything."

"This is true," replied Abdullah, "Thier ignorance is great. The truth is, we own everything."

"Praise Allah," said the doctor.



And More Back Story



A
bdullah ibn Abdullah and Al Hikmat had been friends since youth. Their relationship had always been symbiotic. They'd both completed their undergraduate studies in Baghdad. Then Ibn Abdullah had gone on to earn a master's degree in Comprehensive Woundery and become an accredited warrior, while Al Hikmat had been drawn to the treatment of deep gashes, puncture wounds, and camel bites. It could be said the work of one cancelled out the work of the other --but not quite.

Abdullah loomed large as a reaper of limbs, while Al Hikmat, for his part, was a healer in good standing with (Allah forgive) Blue Cross, a Saracen HMO franchise of the Christian Hospitalers, which boasted headquarters in Rome taller even than the great pyramids at Giza.

Reaching their majority during the height of the Christian holy wars, the old friends had ample opportunity to practice their respective arts and rise to the pinnacle of their professions. For instance, it was known that Ibn Abdulla could, with a single stroke, split hairs with a scimitar, and had done so many times when performing non-medical decapitations. And though Al Hikmat could not hope to repair hairs so thoroughly split, he could honestly boast an excellent suture as well as a perfectly presentable corpse for viewing, head and all.

Reflecting upon the many battles they'd survived, each serving Allah in his own way, Al Hikmat said, "We've been through a lot together Abdullah, but these Christians are as crazy as we are, and I fear what dawn will bring."

"Yes," Ibn Abdullah replied, "the clash of fierce nations leads to great tribulation. But the clash of religions beats all."



Warriors Wax Poetic


While Al Hikmat treated Ibn Abdullah behind the walls of Acre, in the Christian camp men were psyching themselves for battle. They petitioned Jesus for supremacy. They lit votive candles. They raffled indulgences and confessed to their priests. They boasted and strutted like Texan cowpokes and played down the likelyhood of their imminent demise. Some became philosophical. Some waxed poetic. Some turned to drink. A few resorted to all of the above.

For example, Sir Howarth the Prevaricator and Brother John the Blind, caught up in personal reveries, stared across the plain of Acre watching the backlit turbaned heads of Saracens as they paced the citadel parapets. It was night and Arab torches glowed orange through its crennels. The tops of the walls rising behind the battlments danced with the oscillation of flames as if they were delicate canopies of saffron silk teased by breezes from the Great Sea. Everything else in that direction was bathed in shadow.

But in the camps of the Christians lights flickered everywhere. And the hubbub of men preparing for a fight carried from the grassy plain in the north to the sedges and river channels to the south. It was certain they could be heard from the tops of the fortress walls as well.

Transfixed by the apparent undulation of the castle stones Sir Howarth mused uncharacteristically, "Something there is that doesn't love a wall."

Brother John, seated in a camp chair to his right nodded and, inspired by Howarth's remark, reiterated it and added, "...that spills the upper bolders in the sun and makes gaps even two can pass abreast..."

"Yes, that's very nice," said Howarth. "Or how about this, "...makes gaps even two mailed knights with battle axes, swords, and sheilds can pass abreast seeking infidel heads to smash? ...knights upholding the honor of Christ, we should add. How about that?" He swigged another mouthful of warm brew.

"Or," added the Blind, "Knights excercising their rights to rape and pillage." And for some reason, he thought at that moment of his hapless Hilda after her run-in with the mad feet of Christendom that afternoon after his misstep.
Then both burst into laughter, Sir Howarth spewing beer into Brother John's lap and wiping his mouth on his jumpsuit sleeve.

"That's good, that's good," said Howarth, mopping another remnant of spittle on his cuff, "but let's get serious monk. This is going to be a no-fun battle we're in for tomorrow. These Muslims are no slouches when it comes to war. You saw what they did to us at Hattin. It was a rout. That young horseman I've heard about, what's his name? Saladin, I think. They say he's a take-no-prisoner kind of guy. There were corpses all over the place --most of them ours. It was ugly. Made you wonder whose side god was on."

"Indeed," said the little brother, "but only for a moment until I remembered that the lord works in mysterious ways. The truth is, what happened at Hattin was probably just a catastrophic success.

Sir Howarth went silent. With this monk, he thought, it always comes down to cliche's or doubletalk --not that he was innocent of those himself.

Tiring of their exchange and, in fact, considering Brother John no more than a self-righteous control freak with a fetish for prayer, he turned away from the monk and directed his attention elsewhere.

Considering the war machine that sprawled before him, and hearing in the background the increasing shouts of blood lust required to grease it, Sir Howarth mulled over several possible immediate futures and wondered if there was not some way to avoid the most obvious.

Now subtlety was not a trait foremost in Sir Howarth's repertoire
of virtues, and he'd come to understand early on never to look too long for answers there. But he did possess an overarching stubborness, so he just kept at it. He mulled and he mulled.

It finally came to him in a blinding flash, as if God had finally smacked him in the temple with an original idea, that he could just as well talk to the Saracen as slice off his head. That way they might learn something about each other and mitigate supicion. Considering the options, it was worth a try.

Howarth beckoned an aide who lent his Lord his ear, then turned on his heel and diasappeared between two tents.



The Emissary


Ibn Abdullah sat quietly in his chamber within the light-circle of a dampened lamp when he became aware of echoes in the stairwell behind him. Someone was taking the turret steps two at a time. The in-and- exhalation of breath crescendoed; the rhythmic rustling of linen; the soft impact of boot leather on step stones.

Abdullah rose and turned as a young warrior slid to a stop at the threshold --though the blade of his scimitar, caught in the grip of inertia, continued and slammed into the jamb with a clang.

"Ibn Abdullah," said the young soldier, "the Christians have sent an emissary."

Without immediately responding Abdullah studied the man. So young, he thought. So full of zeal. If he could he'd lop off that Christian messenger's limbs at the drop of a tarboush and shishkabob what remains. Look at the fire in his eyes, the couched snarl ...that zit on the end of his nose. This is just a boy, he thought, and too young to be contemplating early dispatch to paradise no matter how many fantasy virgins are available to him for religious rites.

I wonder, what is it, exactly, that Allah expects of him? Doesn't he want him to embrace life? To love? To be out pushing the creative envelope of passion with a compliant woman under the cedars of Lebanon? To settle down some day with a few wives to father many children? To acquire herds of goats, some camels and asses and cultivate olives? Shouldn't he have time to grow old and die a prosperous grandfather? Or is it Allah's plan that he kill or be killed in a mad clash of deluded, semi-conscious knights with a lot of half-baked metaphysical theories and xenophobic philosophies?"

"Where is this Christian," Abdullah finally asked.

"Just inside the east gate, my Lord, surrounded by twenty or so of our men with drawn swords wearing ugly expressions. The man looks uneasy and is sweating buckets --and he may have wet himself," replied the messenger.

He went on, "He says his Lord Howarth would like to counsel with you tonight before the youth of both Christendom and Islam really work themselves into a lather and cause a lot of heads to roll --which, in this case, Lord Abdullah, is neither a figure of speech or hyperbole." The young warrior absentmindedly raised his hand and touched the blemish on his nose.

Noticing this, Ibn Abdullah said, "Perhaps if I send him away with an insult ...something like, 'May the devil take you, Christian dog!' or 'Tomorrow Allah shall send your evil-doing infidel souls to hell!" Maybe if I do that, by the time the sun sets tomorrow you'll have no more need for mud plasters for your complexion problem. Ha ha!" He landed a playful blow on the lad's shoulder, who staggered when struck, but remained expressionless.

"Lighten up Mohammed, it was a joke."

"Not a good one, if I may be so bold, my Lord."

"You may, Mohammed; at least this time."

Ibn Abdullah turned slowly away from the
mamluk and walked to the only opening in the cubicle's walls. The window overlooked the infidel camp. He saw thousands of flickering torches, camp fires, and lamps, as well as the diffuse light of internally illuminated tents. He listened to the distant laughter of hard determined men, the muffled thud of horse hoofs, spooked perhaps by the clang and clash of weapons being readied for battle. He stood silently for what, for the waiting messenger, seemed like many slow minutes.

"Wait outside," Abdullah said softly. "Come in when I call."

Abdullah ibn Abdullah surveyed the Christian host thoughtfully.



The Parley


When all is said and done (which is sure to be a water-shed event for everyone concerned, especially historians), it will be told that the sincere desire to circumvent a skirmish led both Sir Howarth and Abdullah ibn Abdullah to a prudent decision: a pre-dawn parley.

Not long after sending Howarth's emissary back with his reply, Abdullah, confident his offer would be reciprocated, emerged from the gates of Acre and walked to the head of the embankment which dropped gently to the plain. He stood where he could see and be seen by all. Fifteen of his fiercest mamluks did likewise, arraying themselves at his sides, six to the left, nine to the right, spitting in the face of symmetry.

After standing there for some time for dramatic effect, Ibn Abdullah raised his arms and summoned a cry from the depths of his soul that was both position statement and prayer.

"Praise Allah!" roared Abdullah. And his warriors roared also.

Making a great show, Abdullah and his men then strode across the expanse separating them from the Christians. Nearing Howarth's tent they bulled their way through a phalanx of paparazzi who sketched furiously while trying not to spill their ink pots, then barged into a dense pack of strange people who shot inane questions at this Muslim entourage while gripping small club-like objects in their fists that they shoved into Ibn Abdullah's face as he brushed by.

"Mr. Abdullah, are you optimistic your talks will lead to an end of the bloodshed?"

"Lord Abdullah, what's your reaction to the leak from Sir Howarth's camp that he's called your religion, quote, less than redeemable and pretty scary, unquote."

"Mr. Abdullah, Mr. Abdullah, have you ever committed adultery in an oval office? Ok, ...how about a square one?"

"Excellency, as a died-in-the-wool monotheist, what are your views of a triune God?"


Tracking Ibn Abdullah's course from the castle through the entire Christian army, Sir Howarth, was impressed at how his adversary handled himself as he made his way, especially, through the mob of media.

When Abdullah and his men had reached a point about thirty paces from his tent Sir Howarth raised his arms also. Abdullah took several more steps and halted. Then Sir Howarth, like Abdullah, summoned a cry from deep within his own soul which amounted to the Christian equivelant of Abdullah's.

"Praise our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ!" he bellowed along with Brother John and thirty thousand club-wielding faithful. Their spine-tingling roar surely reached to heaven. Ibn Abdullah could feel his scimitar vibrate against his thigh as the hairs rose on the back of his neck.

Having now established their basic differences in sectarian shorthand they came together to have a few drinks, swap war stories, and talk shop, after which they'd probably return to their respective enclaves and prepare to eviscerate their new friends.

But, as the monk, John, had observed; god works in mysterious ways and by dawn a remarkable thing happened. By the time the first rays of the rising sun lit the Saracen banner flying above the fort of Ibn Abdullah, both armies had laid down their arms. In one of the most amazing transformations in history the leaders of the two factions had come to full accord. In a rare flash of common sense and humility, each had discarded their religious conceits and conceded complete ignorance of the will of God. Each acknowledged, once and for all, the stupendous, eternal mystery enfolding them, and realized the futility of rating myths.

"Neilson knows nothing of the human spirit," said Sir Howarth.

"And if he does, God help us all," replied Abdullah.

However, Brother John, the monk, who was not yet ripe for new age theology, kept insisting upon keeping certain medieval doctrines that suited his inclinations. But he was emphatically silenced by Sir Howarth's immediate Vice Knight, Sir Halley of Burton, who jammed the little brother's foot while threatening him with slow martyrdom out of the side of his mouth.



Epilogue



Now, this strange meeting on the plan of Acre has, for centuries, confounded scholars who haven't been able to uncover any conclusive proof as to what went on that night between Abdullah ibn Abdullah and Sir Howarth. Some blame it on bad intelligence, some on biased reporting by Sir Rupert of Merdock; regardless, all that's ever been recovered is a cryptic fragment of scripture telling of an enigmatic troubador called John the Smart One who one day rode into the Christian camp upon a large scarab singing utopian jingles:

"Imagine there's no heaven
and no religion too..."

Riding with him, joined at the hip was (as can best be deciphered) an exotic dark-haired warbling woman wearing shades.

Only this much is known for sure: whatever realization the two parties came to that night, whatever understanding, it was short-lived. In less time than it takes to say "Blessed are the peacemakers", new armies coalesced around fresh charismatic megalomaniacs and, driven by diverse fervors, incinerated Europe.

Myths clashed. Stories collided. Blood flowed.

As far as our protagonists are concerned, legend has it that Ibn Abdullah and Sir Howarth were so taken by the teachings of John the Smart One and his warbling consort that they jettisoned their swords and scimitars to spend their last weeks in bed at an inn in the Kingdom of the Franks holding forth with scribes and sychophants spouting platitudes of peace. Whether their stint between the sheets had any positive effect could never be determined. But it must be said, their hearts were in the right place.

As for Brother John the Blind, while pining for his hapless Hilda and the theocratic state he so zealously envisioned, he was caught several more times in the act with a sex worker; but continued to have a rag-tag following. He appeared regularly on the tent circuit quoting scripture and became a well known Christian grafitti artist famous for painting non-trendy clothing on naked classical statues.

All the other participants of those bizarre conflicts --the rabble-- returned to their homes and simple lives to live their joys and sorrows while biding time until the birth of either Rush Limbaugh or Al Franken. And they prayed that in God's good time, all would be revealed --or at least leaked at intervals by reliable sources at the Almighty's right and left hand.

The way they saw it, this would not be too much to ask of any diety.











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